Micronutrients and macronutrients, diseases caused by nutrient defecit, daily requirement ppt 2081

Micronutrients and macronutrients, diseases caused by nutrient defecit, daily requirement, nutrient sources PPT

Table of Contents (toc)

Introduction

Micronutrients and Macronutrients: An Overview

Macronutrients

Macronutrients are nutrients required by the body in large amounts to provide energy and support vital functions.

Types of Macronutrients

1. Carbohydrates

   • Primary source of energy (4 kcal/g).
   • Found in: bread, rice, pasta, fruits, and vegetables.
   • Daily requirement: 45-65% of total caloric intake.

2. Proteins

   • Essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues (4 kcal/g).
   • Found in: meat, fish, eggs, beans, dairy products.
   • Daily requirement: 0.8-1.2 g/kg of body weight.

3. Fats

   • Source of long-term energy (9 kcal/g), aids in absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K).
   • Found in: oils, nuts, seeds, fatty fish, avocados.
   • Daily requirement: 20-35% of total caloric intake.

4. Water

• Vital for hydration, temperature regulation, and bodily functions.
• Daily requirement: ~2-3 liters (varies by age, sex, activity level).

Micronutrients

Micronutrients are nutrients required in small amounts but are crucial for overall health and development.

Types of Micronutrients

1. Vitamins

   • Fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, K.
   • Water-soluble vitamins: B-complex (B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, folate, etc.) and Vitamin C.
   • Functions: Support immunity, vision, bone health, and metabolism.

2. Minerals

   • Major minerals: Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium.
   • Trace minerals: Iron, zinc, iodine, selenium, copper.
   • Functions: Support bone health, oxygen transport, enzyme function.

Diseases Caused by Nutrient Deficiencies

1. Macronutrient Deficiencies

   • Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM): Kwashiorkor, Marasmus.
   • Symptoms: Muscle wasting, stunted growth, lethargy.

2. Micronutrient Deficiencies

   • Vitamin A: Night blindness, xerophthalmia.
   • Vitamin D: Rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults.
   • Vitamin C: Scurvy (bleeding gums, weakness).
   • Iron: Anemia (fatigue, pale skin).
   • Iodine: Goiter, hypothyroidism.
   • Calcium: Osteoporosis, muscle cramps.
   • Zinc: Delayed wound healing, growth retardation.

Daily Nutritional Requirements

1. Carbohydrates: 225-325 g (for a 2000 kcal diet).
2. Proteins: 50-60 g (varies based on activity level and age).
3. Fats: 44-77 g (for a 2000 kcal diet).
4. Vitamins and Minerals:
   • Example: Vitamin C (65-90 mg), Calcium (1000 mg), Iron (8-18 mg).

Balanced Diet Tips

1. Incorporate a variety of foods from all food groups.
2. Include fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
3. Limit processed foods, sugars, and saturated fats.
4. Stay hydrated throughout the day.
5. Monitor portion sizes to avoid overconsumption.

Key Points to Remember

• Macronutrients provide energy and structural components; micronutrients regulate body functions.
• Both are essential for maintaining health and preventing diseases.
• A balanced diet ensures the adequate intake of all nutrients.
• Deficiency diseases can be prevented by consuming nutrient-rich foods and, if necessary, supplements.

Micronutrients and macronutrients powerpoint presentation

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