Dermatology MCQs answers NHPC
Here are the answers, explanations, and one important point about each option:
**Question 1:**
Answer: B) Psoriasis
Explanation: Psoriasis is characterized by well-demarcated, erythematous, raised plaques covered with silvery scales. It is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that commonly affects the elbows, knees, and scalp.
Important Point: Psoriasis is a chronic condition with periods of exacerbation and remission. It can be associated with joint inflammation (psoriatic arthritis).
**Question 2:**
Answer: B) Scabies
Explanation: Scabies is caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei and presents with linear burrows, small vesicles, and excoriations. It is highly contagious and can spread through close personal contact.
Important Point: Scabies is commonly transmitted through prolonged skin-to-skin contact, such as within families or crowded living conditions.
**Question 3:**
Answer: A) Basal cell carcinoma
Explanation: Basal cell carcinoma is a common skin cancer characterized by pearly papules with telangiectasias and central ulceration. It is slow-growing and rarely metastasizes.
Important Point: Basal cell carcinoma is often associated with sun exposure, especially in fair-skinned individuals.
**Question 4:**
Answer: B) Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
Explanation: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes herpes zoster (shingles), which presents with painful vesicles along a sensory nerve dermatome. Reactivation of the virus occurs in individuals who had chickenpox previously.
Important Point: Herpes zoster can be more severe and prolonged in immunocompromised individuals.
**Question 5:**
Answer: D) Oral isotretinoin
Explanation: Oral isotretinoin is the first-line treatment for moderate to severe acne vulgaris that has not responded to other therapies. It is reserved for cases that are refractory or at risk of scarring.
Important Point: Oral isotretinoin requires careful monitoring due to potential adverse effects, including teratogenicity and liver function abnormalities.
**Question 6:**
Answer: A) Type I (IgE-mediated)
Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity reactions involve IgE antibodies and mast cell degranulation, leading to symptoms like hives (urticaria), angioedema, and anaphylaxis.
Important Point: Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening manifestation of Type I hypersensitivity.
**Question 7:**
Answer: A) Pityriasis rosea
Explanation: Pityriasis rosea is characterized by a "herald patch" followed by multiple oval, scaly lesions arranged along skin tension lines. The cause is unknown, but it's believed to be associated with viral infections.
Important Point: The "herald patch" is a larger, single lesion that typically appears before the smaller lesions of pityriasis rosea.
**Question 8:**
Answer: A) Vitiligo
Explanation: Vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder characterized by depigmented macules and patches due to loss of melanocytes. It can occur anywhere on the body, including mucous membranes.
Important Point: Vitiligo can be associated with other autoimmune disorders, such as thyroid disease and type 1 diabetes.
**Question 9:**
Answer: C) Melanoma
Explanation: A rapidly evolving, irregularly shaped, multicolored macule with an asymmetric border is highly suspicious for melanoma, a potentially aggressive form of skin cancer.
Important Point: Melanoma is more likely to metastasize if not diagnosed and treated early.
**Question 10:**
Answer: A) Psoriasis
Explanation: Auspitz sign refers to pinpoint bleeding that occurs when scales are scraped off psoriatic plaques. It is a classic feature of psoriasis.
Important Point: Psoriasis is associated with systemic inflammatory conditions such as cardiovascular disease and psoriatic arthritis.
Remember, these explanations are meant to provide a basic understanding of the concepts. For accurate diagnoses and treatment recommendations, consult a qualified healthcare professional.
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