Syllabus for Licensing Examination of B.Sc. MLT/ BMLT 2024

~~(toc) Table of Contents~~

Introduction

Syllabus for Licensing Examination of B.Sc. MLT/ BMLT 2021

Nepal Health Professional Council

Bansbari, Kathmandu

Table of Content

S.N. Topic Marks

1. Medical Microbiology (20%)

2. Clinical Biochemistry (20%)

3. Hematology & Blood Banking (20%)

4. Histocytopathology (15%)

5 Human Anatomy and Physiology (10%)

6. Health Policy & Health system of Nepal (5%)

7. Research methodology and biostatistics (5%)

8. Clinical Pharmacology (3%)

9. NHPC and Code of ethics (2%)

To t a l 100%

1. Medical Microbiology

1.1 Bacteriology

1. Historical background, scope and importance, branches and applications of microbiology

2. Safety measures, infection control practices and biomedical waste disposal

3. Importance and applications of sterilization and disinfection

4. Composition, preparation, storage, uses, types and quality control of culture media

5. Techniques and applications of different staining procedures

6. Antimicrobial drugs and their mode of actions, antimicrobial susceptibility test and

drug resistance , evaluation of antimicrobial agents, detection of drug resistance

7. Organization, management and quality control of microbiology laboratory for the

district and zonal hospital

8. Collection, transport. Preservation and processing of different clinical specimens

for aerobic, microaerophilic and anaerobic culture

9. Taxonomy, Morphology, Metabolism, Cultural Characteristics, Pathogenesis,

laboratory diagnosis, Prevention and control of different clinically important bacteria

Aerobic and anaerobic Gram positive cocci

Gram negative cocci

Aerobic and anaerobic Gram negative bacilli

Gram positive bacilli

Other Gram variable bacteria

10. Epidemiology, mode of transmission, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, prevention

and control of systemic infectious diseases.

11. Investigation and control of community outbreaks and hospital associated

outbreaks and epidemiological markers.

12. Need of Care, handling and use of laboratory animals in microbiological investigations

13. Rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases by use of conventional and molecular

techniques

1.2 Parasitology

1. Taxonomy, classification, morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, laboratory

diagnosis, prevention and control of different types of Protozoal and Helminthic

parasites

2. Collection and preservation of clinical specimens for parasitic investigations

3. Urine routine analysis and special test

4. Semen Analysis and Interpretation

5. Stool analysis by various techniques

6. Parasitic culture and egg counting technique

7. Blood parasites and their lab diagnosis

1.3 Virology

1. Morphology, taxonomy, replication, culture techniques, pathogenesis, laboratory

diagnosis, prevention and control of clinically important viruses

2. Virus culture techniques

Biological host

Embryonated egg inoculation

Cell culture

3. Emerging and re-emerging viruses

4. Development, standardization and use of vaccines and antisera

1.4 Mycology

1. Taxonomy, classification, Morphology, Cultural Characteristics, Pathogenesis,

laboratory diagnosis, Prevention and control of different clinically important

yeasts and moulds.

2. Mycological procedures for identification of moulds and yeasts

1.5 Immunology

1. Structure, organization, function and disorders of human immune system

2. Principle, procedure, application of different immunological techniques

2. Clinical Biochemistry

2.1 Fundamental of Biochemistry

1. Glasswares, different types and uses, Cleaning of glasswares

2. Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism

3. Acid-base homeostasis, buffers, blood gas analysis

4. Analytical methods and instrumentations

5. Enzymes and their classification

6. Safety measures in biochemistry

7. Quality management of biochemistry laboratory

2.2 Nutritional Biochemistry

1. Structure, classification and biological significance of Carbohydrates, Proteins/amino

acids, Lipids and Nucleic Acids

2. Synthesis, function, measurements of vitamins and minerals

2.3 Metabolism

1. Carbohydrate metabolism

Glycolysis, Glycogenesis ,Glycogenolysis, Pentose phosphate pathway ,Kreb's cycle,

Gluconeogenesis

2. Protein metabolism

Transamination, Deamination , Urea cycle , Nitrogen balance, Creatinine and creatinine

formation

3. Lipid metabolism.

Alpha, beta, gamma- oxidation

Ketosis & Ketone bodies formation and their utilization

Cholesterol and triglycerides synthesis

4. Nucleotide metabolism

Purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis and its regulation

5. Inborn error of metabolism

2.4 Organ function tests and their clinical significance

1. Liver function tests

2. Cardiac function tests

3. Pancreas function tests

4. Renal function tests

5. Gastric function tests

6. Biochemistry of different body fluids

2.5. Endocrinology

1. Synthesis, functions, metabolic disorders of different types of body hormones

2. Laboratory measurement of hormones by different methods

2.6 Molecular Biology and Molecular Techniques

1. Basic concept of cellular and molecular biology and molecular technique

2. Cancer biology and tumor markers

3. Recent advances in clinical biochemistry

3. Hematology And Transfusion Medicine

1. Collection of blood from various sites

2. Hematopoietic system and Blood Composition

3. Synthesis, structure and composition of hemoglobin

4. Anemia: Definition , classification and laboratory approaches for diagnosis

5. Leukemia: Defination , classification and laboratory diagnosis

6. Routine hematological test (Hemoglobin estimation, Total RBC count, Total WBC

count, Differential count, Total Platelet count, Hematocrit, Red blood cell indices,

ESR, Reticulocyte count, Absolute cell count)

7. Special hematological test: (Plasma hemoglobin, Antihuman globulin test, Osmotic

fragility test, Sickling test, Glucose 6 Phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency test,

Foetal hemoglobin, hemoglobin electrophoresis, HAM’s test and Methemoglobin test)

8. Routine and special stains for blood and bone marrow smear

9. Flow Cytometry and Coulter counter: Principles and applications

10. Application of Flow cytometry and cytogenetic in hematology

11. Hemoparasites and its laboratory diagnosis

12. Normal Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis

13. Acquired and Inherited Bleeding disorder

14. Screening and confirmatory test for bleeding disorder

15. Transfusion Medicine and Blood Banking Techniques

Blood group systems

Techniques of Blood Grouping

Blood Collection, Processing and component preparation technique

Compatibility testing for blood transfusion.

Types of blood components, indication and their storage

Complications and hazards of blood transfusion

16. Quality control in hematology and transfusion medicine

4. Subject: Histopathology & Cytopathology

1. Basic and systemic pathology

2. Preparation of different types of fixatives and their uses

3. Procedural steps, reagents, and possible errors of tissue processing

4. Description of different types of microtome, their principles and methods of cutting

section from the paraffin block tissue

5. Methods of decalcification

6. FNAC, fluid cytology and uses.

7. Preparation of routine and special histological and cytological stains and staining

procedure

8. Principles and methods of staining and mounting the tissue section on the glass slides

9. Different types of microscope

10. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.

5.Human Anatomy & Physiology

1. Overview of organization and structure of various types of human cells,

tissues, organs and systems: Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Cardiovascular,

Respiratory, Gastrointestinal, Genitourinary, Reticuloendothelial, Sensory organs and

integumentary system.

2. Endocrinology and Hormones

3. Mechanism of regulation of various organs systems and their functions in human

body

6. Subject: Health Policy And Health System

1. Health systems and health policies of Nepal

2. Evolution of health services in Nepal

3. History of laboratory services in Nepal

4. Main features of National Health Policy

5. Health service delivery mechanisms in Nepal

Public sector

Private sector

Informal sector

3. Organizational structure of health service delivery in Nepal (central, regional,

district, village and community level)

4. Functions and facilities at each level, roles and responsibilities of health service

providers at different levels

5. Goals and targets of health sector a. Five year plans

Second Long Term Health Plan

Second Nepal Health Sector Programme

6. National Health Programmes of Government of Nepal

7. Major partners in health sector (NGO/INGO, donors, multilateral agencies)

8. Rules and regulations related to health in Nepal

7. Research Methodology & Biostatistics

1. Description of research, types of research and its use in medical and laboratory

sciences

2. Research tools, bioinformatics

3. Role of seminar and conference, literature on research.

4. Measures of central tendency (Mean, Median, Mode, Weighted Average and

Geometric mean), Measures of dispersion (Range, Quartile deviation, Standard

deviation, Coefficient of variation)

5. Correlation and regression analysis; Scatter diagram, Cause and effect relationship

between two variables; Least square method for estimating regression parameters

and prediction

6. Hypothesis and tests of significance, Z test, t-test, Chi-square test

7. Sampling theory; Probability and non-probability; Selecting an appropriate sampling

design; sampling errors and the sample size

8. Pharmacology

1. Basic introduction to Pharmacokinetics. & Pharmacodynamics.

2. Drugs that affect Renal parameters, Liver enzymes , Lipid function and Blood

Glucose estimation

3. Different antimicrobials belonging to: Antibacterials, Antivirals, Antifungals,

Antimalarials, Anti Kala-azar

9. NHPC and Code of ethics

1. Codes of ethics with medical laboratory profession.

2. Salient features of Nepal Health Professional Council.

3. Duties of a registered laboratory practitioner.

4. Legal procedures in medico-legal cases (Inquest, witness, medical evidence).

5. Laboratory tests for various analyses of medico-legal aspects.

Thank you!

Syllabus for Licensing Examination of B.Sc. MLT/ BMLT 2024