Download the Syllabus for Licensing Examination of B.Sc. MLT/ BMLT 2025

Download the Syllabus for Licensing Examination of B.Sc. MLT/ BMLT 2025

(toc) Table of Contents

Nepal Health Professional Council

Bansbari, Kathmandu

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Table of Contents

S.N.	Topic	Marks
1	Medical Microbiology	20%
2	Clinical Biochemistry	20%
3	Hematology & Blood Banking	20%
4	Histocytopathology	15%
5	Human Anatomy and Physiology	10%
6	Health Policy & Health System of Nepal	5%
7	Research Methodology and Biostatistics	5%
8	Clinical Pharmacology	3%
9	NHPC and Code of Ethics	2%
Total	100%

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1. Medical Microbiology

1.1 Bacteriology

1. Historical background, scope, importance, branches, and applications of microbiology.
2. Safety measures, infection control practices, and biomedical waste disposal.
3. Importance and applications of sterilization and disinfection.
4. Composition, preparation, storage, uses, types, and quality control of culture media.
5. Techniques and applications of different staining procedures.
6. Antimicrobial drugs, their modes of action, antimicrobial susceptibility tests, drug resistance evaluation, and detection.
7. Organization, management, and quality control of microbiology laboratories for district and zonal hospitals.
8. Collection, transport, preservation, and processing of different clinical specimens for aerobic, microaerophilic, and anaerobic culture.
9. Taxonomy, morphology, metabolism, cultural characteristics, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, prevention, and control of clinically important bacteria:
   • Aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive cocci
   • Gram-negative cocci
   • Aerobic and anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli
   • Gram-positive bacilli
   • Other Gram-variable bacteria
10. Epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, prevention, and control of systemic infectious diseases.
11. Investigation and control of community outbreaks and hospital-associated outbreaks, including epidemiological markers.
12. Care, handling, and use of laboratory animals in microbiological investigations.
13. Rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases using conventional and molecular techniques.

1.2 Parasitology

1. Taxonomy, classification, morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, prevention, and control of Protozoal and Helminthic parasites.
2. Collection and preservation of clinical specimens for parasitic investigations.
3. Urine routine analysis and special tests.
4. Semen analysis and interpretation.
5. Stool analysis using various techniques.
6. Parasitic culture and egg-counting techniques.
7. Blood parasites and their laboratory diagnosis.

1.3 Virology

1. Morphology, taxonomy, replication, culture techniques, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, prevention, and control of clinically important viruses.
2. Virus culture techniques:
   • Biological host
   • Embryonated egg inoculation
   • Cell culture
3. Emerging and re-emerging viruses.
4. Development, standardization, and use of vaccines and antisera.

1.4 Mycology

1. Taxonomy, classification, morphology, cultural characteristics, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, prevention, and control of clinically important yeasts and molds.
2. Mycological procedures for identifying molds and yeasts.

1.5 Immunology

1. Structure, organization, function, and disorders of the human immune system.
2. Principles, procedures, and applications of immunological techniques.

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2. Clinical Biochemistry

2.1 Fundamentals of Biochemistry

1. Glasswares: Types, uses, and cleaning methods.
2. Chemical kinetics and reaction mechanisms.
3. Acid-base homeostasis, buffers, and blood gas analysis.
4. Analytical methods and instrumentation.
5. Enzymes and their classification.
6. Safety measures in biochemistry laboratories.
7. Quality management of biochemistry laboratories.

2.2 Nutritional Biochemistry

1. Structure, classification, and biological significance of carbohydrates, proteins/amino acids, lipids, and nucleic acids.
2. Synthesis, function, and measurement of vitamins and minerals.

2.3 Metabolism

1. Carbohydrate metabolism: Glycolysis, Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Pentose phosphate pathway, Krebs cycle, Gluconeogenesis.
2. Protein metabolism: Transamination, deamination, urea cycle, nitrogen balance, creatinine formation.
3. Lipid metabolism: Alpha, beta, gamma oxidation, ketosis, and ketone body formation.
4. Nucleotide metabolism: Purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis and regulation.
5. Inborn errors of metabolism.

2.4 Organ Function Tests

1. Liver, cardiac, pancreas, renal, and gastric function tests.
2. Biochemistry of different body fluids.

2.5 Endocrinology

1. Synthesis, functions, and metabolic disorders of hormones.
2. Laboratory measurement of hormones using different methods.

2.6 Molecular Biology

1. Basics of cellular and molecular biology.
2. Cancer biology and tumor markers.
3. Recent advances in clinical biochemistry.

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3. Hematology and Transfusion Medicine

1. Blood collection techniques.
2. Hematopoietic system and blood composition.
3. Hemoglobin synthesis, structure, and composition.
4. Anemia: Definition, classification, and laboratory approaches for diagnosis.
5. Leukemia: Definition, classification, and laboratory diagnosis.
6. Routine hematological tests: Hemoglobin estimation, total RBC/WBC count, platelet count, etc.
7. Special hematological tests: Plasma hemoglobin, Antihuman globulin test, etc.
8. Routine and special stains for blood and bone marrow smears.
9. Principles and applications of flow cytometry and Coulter counters.
10. Hemoparasites and laboratory diagnosis.
11. Hemostasis and fibrinolysis.
12. Transfusion medicine and blood banking techniques.

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4. Histopathology and Cytopathology

1. Basic and systemic pathology.
2. Preparation of fixatives and tissue processing.
3. Microtomy techniques and error handling.
4. FNAC and fluid cytology.
5. Preparation of histological and cytological stains.
6. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.

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5. Human Anatomy and Physiology

1. Organization and structure of human cells, tissues, organs, and systems.
2. Endocrinology and hormone regulation.
3. Mechanism of organ system regulation.

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6. Health Policy and Health System of Nepal

1. Overview of health systems and policies in Nepal.
2. Evolution of health services and laboratory services in Nepal.
3. National Health Policy and health service delivery mechanisms.
4. National health programs and major health sector partners.

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7. Research Methodology and Biostatistics

1. Description of research types and tools.
2. Central tendency and dispersion measures.
3. Correlation and regression analysis.
4. Sampling theories and hypothesis testing.

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8. Pharmacology

1. Basics of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
2. Drugs affecting renal, liver, lipid, and blood glucose parameters.
3. Overview of antimicrobials.

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9. NHPC and Code of Ethics

1. Ethical codes for medical laboratory professionals.
2. Duties of registered practitioners.
3. Medico-legal procedures and laboratory tests.

Thank you!