Dialysis Technology MCQs for NHPC Nepal – Diploma in Dialysis Technology License Exam 2025

Dialysis Technology MCQs for NHPC Nepal – Diploma in Dialysis Technology License Exam

Here are 50 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) for the Diploma in Dialysis Technology License Examination (NHPC Nepal), focusing on various aspects of dialysis technology and related concepts, with an answer key at the end.

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1. The primary function of dialysis is to:

a) Replace kidney function
b) Treat infections
c) Remove excess red blood cells
d) Correct electrolyte imbalances

2. Hemodialysis involves the use of:

a) A machine and dialyzer to filter the blood
b) Medication to remove toxins
c) Fluid infusion through the veins
d) Oxygen therapy

3. The normal range for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in dialysis patients is:

a) 7-20 mg/dL
b) 10-30 mg/dL
c) 20-60 mg/dL
d) 30-70 mg/dL

4. The common indication for initiating dialysis in a patient is:

a) Hyperkalemia
b) Hypotension
c) Hemolysis
d) Normal creatinine levels

5. In dialysis, the term ‘ultrafiltration’ refers to:

a) The removal of toxins
b) The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane due to pressure
c) The addition of fluids to the bloodstream
d) The cleaning of blood using a chemical agent

6. The most commonly used dialysis machine is:

a) Peritoneal dialysis machine
b) Continuous renal replacement therapy machine
c) Hemodialysis machine
d) Fluid infusion pump

7. Which of the following is the primary function of the dialyzer in hemodialysis?

a) To filter the blood
b) To monitor vital signs
c) To infuse medication into the bloodstream
d) To prevent blood clotting

8. In peritoneal dialysis, the dialysate fluid is infused into:

a) The patient’s blood vessels
b) The peritoneal cavity
c) The lungs
d) The heart

9. Which of the following is a complication commonly associated with peritoneal dialysis?

a) Hypertension
b) Peritonitis
c) Hypotension
d) Hyperkalemia

10. The goal of dialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is to:

a) Cure kidney failure
b) Maintain normal kidney function
c) Replace the function of the kidneys
d) Treat underlying kidney infections

11. The primary risk factor for kidney failure requiring dialysis is:

a) Age
b) Hypertension and diabetes
c) Genetic disorders
d) Physical inactivity

12. What is the most common site for dialysis access?

a) Jugular vein
b) Femoral artery
c) Arteriovenous fistula (AVF)
d) Subclavian vein

13. In hemodialysis, the anticoagulant most commonly used is:

a) Heparin
b) Warfarin
c) Aspirin
d) Clopidogrel

14. The main difference between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis is:

a) The dialysis fluid used
b) The type of membrane used for filtration
c) The method of dialysis
d) The duration of each session

15. Which of the following is a potential complication of hemodialysis?

a) Peritonitis
b) Hyperglycemia
c) Air embolism
d) Pulmonary edema

16. In hemodialysis, the ‘arterial line’ is used to:

a) Carry blood from the dialyzer to the body
b) Carry blood from the patient to the dialyzer
c) Monitor the blood pressure
d) Provide oxygen to the blood

17. The use of bicarbonate in dialysis is intended to:

a) Increase the pH of the blood
b) Remove waste products
c) Correct electrolyte imbalances
d) Prevent blood clotting

18. Dialysis patients are at risk for anemia due to:

a) Increased red blood cell production
b) Decreased erythropoietin production
c) High levels of iron
d) Excessive loss of blood during dialysis

19. In peritoneal dialysis, the fluid exchanges are typically performed:

a) Once a week
b) Every 6 hours
c) Every 24 hours
d) Every 2-3 hours

20. The primary function of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) in dialysis patients is to:

a) Stimulate the production of red blood cells
b) Control blood pressure
c) Remove excess water
d) Replace lost electrolytes

21. The main advantage of peritoneal dialysis over hemodialysis is:

a) Lower cost
b) Greater independence for the patient
c) Easier to set up
d) Fewer complications

22. The most common type of dialysis access is:

a) Hemodialysis catheter
b) Arteriovenous fistula (AVF)
c) Peritoneal dialysis catheter
d) Arteriovenous graft (AVG)

23. The term “dialysis dose” refers to:

a) The duration of dialysis treatment
b) The volume of blood filtered per minute
c) The amount of solute removed during dialysis
d) The amount of fluid used for ultrafiltration

24. What is the primary function of dialysis in the treatment of kidney failure?

a) To replace kidney function by removing waste products and excess fluids
b) To prevent infections
c) To improve lung function
d) To increase blood pressure

25. Which of the following laboratory tests is used to monitor the adequacy of dialysis?

a) Urine culture
b) BUN and creatinine levels
c) Serum glucose
d) Complete blood count (CBC)

26. Which of the following factors can affect the efficiency of hemodialysis?

a) Dialysis machine settings
b) Blood flow rate
c) Dialysate flow rate
d) All of the above

27. The most common vascular access for hemodialysis is:

a) A dialysis fistula
b) A dialysis catheter
c) An arteriovenous graft
d) A peritoneal dialysis catheter

28. During dialysis, the dialyzer filter removes:

a) Waste products, toxins, and excess fluids
b) Oxygen
c) Electrolytes only
d) Red blood cells

29. The process of hemodialysis is typically performed for how long during each session?

a) 1-2 hours
b) 4-6 hours
c) 8-10 hours
d) 12-14 hours

30. In peritoneal dialysis, the dialysate fluid is typically composed of:

a) Saline solution with glucose
b) Dialysis solution with proteins
c) Sodium bicarbonate solution
d) Glucose and urea solution

31. The “Kt/V” is a measure used to evaluate:

a) Dialysis adequacy
b) Blood volume
c) Glomerular filtration rate
d) Nutritional status

32. The primary concern for a dialysis patient post-treatment is:

a) Hyperkalemia
b) Hypotension
c) Hypervolemia
d) Dehydration

33. Which of the following is a potential complication of vascular access for dialysis?

a) Infection
b) Hypotension
c) Peritonitis
d) Hyperglycemia

34. Which of the following factors should be monitored closely during dialysis?

a) Body temperature
b) Blood pressure
c) Blood glucose levels
d) All of the above

35. A complication associated with long-term dialysis is:

a) Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome
b) Peritoneal fibrosis
c) Iron overload
d) Hyperthyroidism

36. Which of the following conditions can lead to the failure of a dialysis access?

a) Infection
b) Thrombosis
c) Aneurysm formation
d) All of the above

37. Dialysate fluid in peritoneal dialysis typically has a higher concentration of glucose to:

a) Facilitate fluid removal
b) Increase the pH of the blood
c) Promote the removal of potassium
d) Decrease the risk of infection

38. The term ‘clearance’ in dialysis refers to:

a) The amount of fluid removed during treatment
b) The effectiveness of the dialyzer in removing waste products
c) The efficiency of the blood pump
d) The rate of dialysate fluid infusion

39. The most common complication of hemodialysis is:

a) Hypotension
b) Hemolysis
c) Infection
d) Seizures

40. Which of the following medications is commonly used to manage hypertension in dialysis patients?

a) ACE inhibitors
b) Diuretics
c) Calcium channel blockers
d) Beta blockers

41. A patient undergoing dialysis may experience “dialysis disequilibrium syndrome” characterized by:

a) Severe hypotension
b) Nausea, vomiting, and headache
c) Fluid overload
d) Fever and chills

42. The most common type of dialysis used for children is:

a) Peritoneal dialysis
b) Hemodialysis
c) Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)
d) Kidney transplant

43. Dialysis patients are often given erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) to:

a) Prevent anemia
b) Stimulate white blood cell production
c) Control blood sugar
d) Treat infection

44. The main advantage of hemodialysis over peritoneal dialysis is:

a) Easier to perform at home
b) Requires less medical supervision
c) More efficient removal of waste products
d) Requires no surgical access

45. The primary purpose of the dialysis machine is to:

a) Clean the blood
b) Remove oxygen
c) Reduce body weight
d) Increase blood pressure

46. The dialysis catheter is typically inserted into which of the following veins?

a) Jugular vein
b) Femoral vein
c) Subclavian vein
d) All of the above

47. The most common complication of peritoneal dialysis is:

a) Hypertension
b) Peritonitis
c) Hyperkalemia
d) Hyperglycemia

48. The treatment of dialysis patients often requires the management of:

a) Electrolyte imbalances
b) Nutritional deficiencies
c) Infections
d) All of the above

49. The function of the ‘dialysate’ is to:

a) Replace fluids in the patient’s body
b) Facilitate the removal of toxins
c) Deliver oxygen to the blood
d) Maintain blood pressure

50. The most appropriate vascular access for long-term dialysis in adults is:

a) A tunneled dialysis catheter
b) A peritoneal dialysis catheter
c) An arteriovenous fistula (AVF)
d) An arteriovenous graft (AVG)

Answer Key

These MCQs cover essential topics in dialysis technology, suitable for the Diploma in Dialysis Technology License Exam.