MR vaccination campaign 2080-81

MR vaccination campaign 2080-81

Introduction

खोपबाट बचाउन सकिने विभिन्न रोगहरू लाग्ने दरमा उल्लेखनीय रुपमा कमी ल्याई ती
रोगहरूको
कारणबाट हुने अपाङ्गता र बाल मृत्यु दर घटाउनु नै खोप कार्यक्रमको लक्ष्य हो।
यो कार्यक्रम नेपाल 
सरकारको पहिलो प्राथमिकता प्राप्त कार्यक्रमहरू मध्येको एक हो। खोप कार्यक्रमले
शिशु मृत्यु दर, बाल 
मृत्यु दर र मातृ मृत्यु दर घटाउनमा बिशेष योगदान पु¥याउँछ । राष्ट्रिय खोप
कार्यक्रमको लक्ष्य हासिल 
गर्न देशभरीका सबै स्थान र वर्ग–समुदायसम्म खोप सेवाको पहुँच भएको हुनु पर्दछ ।
त्यसैगरी लक्षित 
व्यक्ति सबैले हरेक खोपको पूर्ण मात्रा लिन जरुरी हुन्छ ।

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Furunculosis of EAC presentation : presentation for medical Students

Furunculosis of EAC presentation

Boil in EAC

Introduction

  • It is a form of otitis externa occurring from single hair follicle infection
  • This is an infectious inflammatory condition
  • Anatomically, There are hair follicles in the EAC which  can get infected and may form small abscess which is presents as otitis externa
  • Diagnosis of furunculosis is made after examination
  • It is also called boil

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Epidemic and disaster Orientation Slides

Epidemic and disaster Orientation Slides

Epidemic and disaster source:pixabay

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Introduction

 

 Causes     

  

Transmission and spread

     

Impact of Epidemics and Pandemics

      

Control and management of epidemic

    

Role of FCHV and other stakeholders

 
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Temperature classification of bacteria

Temperature classification of Bacteria 2024

Bacteria can be classified based on their temperature requirements for growth. The classification is primarily divided into three categories: psychrophiles, mesophiles, and thermophiles, depending on their optimal growth temperature.

1. Psychrophiles:

   – Optimal growth temperature: Below 20°C (68°F)
   – Range: Can grow at temperatures as low as -15°C (5°F) and up to 20°C.
   – Habitat: Found in cold environments such as polar regions and deep ocean waters.

2. Mesophiles:

   – Optimal growth temperature: 20°C to 45°C (68°F to 113°F)
   – Range: Can grow at moderate temperatures, typically between 10°C and 50°C.
   – Habitat: Many human pathogens, as well as organisms in environments with moderate temperatures, fall into this category.

3. Thermophiles:

   – Optimal growth temperature: 45°C to 80°C (113°F to 176°F)
   – Range: Can grow at high temperatures, often between 40°C and 80°C.
   – Habitat: Found in hot environments, such as hot springs, geothermal areas, and compost heaps.

4. Hyperthermophiles:

   – Optimal growth temperature: Above 80°C (176°F)
   – Range: Can grow at extremely high temperatures, often above 80°C.
   – Habitat: Typically found in extremely hot environments, like hydrothermal vents and volcanic areas.
The temperature classification of bacteria is important in various fields, including microbiology, biotechnology, and industrial processes, as it influences the choice of conditions for bacterial culture and other applications. Different bacteria have adapted to thrive in specific temperature ranges, and understanding these temperature preferences is crucial for studying and manipulating microbial ecosystems.

Temperature classification of bacteria

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Temperature Classification of Bacteria

Classification Optimal Growth Temperature Temperature Range Examples of Bacteria
Psychrophiles Below 20°C (68°F) -15°C to 20°C (5°F to 68°F) Psychrobacter, Colwellia
Mesophiles 20°C to 45°C (68°F to 113°F) 10°C to 50°C (50°F to 122°F) Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus
Thermophiles 45°C to 80°C (113°F to 176°F) 40°C to 80°C (104°F to 176°F) Thermus aquaticus, Geobacillus
Hyperthermophiles Above 80°C (176°F) Above 80°C (176°F) Pyrolobus fumarii, Thermococcus celer

classification of bacteria pdf

CTEVT Past question 2080 (Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training)

Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training Office of the Controller of Examinations 

Subject: Anatomy and Physiology

Time: 3 hrs. 

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. 

The figures in the margin indicate full marks. 

Attempt any SEVEN questions. 

Group ‘A’ (Very Short Questions) 17×2=14

1. Define homeostasis. 

2. Define acidosis and alkalosis. 

3. Write short note on cerebrospinal fluid. 

4. What is cardiac cycle? 

5. Define anatomy and physiology. 

6. Write short note on blood typing. 

7. List the organ of digestive system

8. Name the parts of female reproductive system. 

9. Differentiate between growth and development. 

Group ‘B’ (Short Questions)

Attempt any SEVEN questions. 

10. Draw a neat and clear diagram of heart. 

11. Explain the mechanism of respiration. 

12. Describe the structure of different layers of skin along with diagram. • 

13. Define muscle. Differentiate between skeletal muscle and smooth muscle. 

14. Write structure of pituitary gland. List the hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland.

15. Define blood. Write the composition of blood. 

16. Draw a well labelled diagram of alimentary canal. C

I7. Draw a well labelled diagram of male reproductive system. 

18. Describe the chief functions of bone. 

Group ‘C’ (Long Questions)

Attempt any THREE questions. 13×6=18

19. Describe menstrual cycle. 

20. Name sensory receptors. Explain the function of each receptors. 

21. Write in detail about the mechanism of urine formation.

22. Define blood pressure including its normal range. Describe the process involve in regulating blood pressure in human body. 

Good Luck ! 

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