NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE NEPAL 2021-2026

Table of Contents

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ………………………………………………………………………….ii

Executive summary…………………………………………………………………………………………………… v

1. Background ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1

1.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………..2

1.2 Situation analysis and assessment of antimicrobial use (AMU) and 

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Nepal………………………………………………………………..4

1.2.1 AMR in man and animals……………………………………………………………………..4

1.2.2 Awareness and understanding of AMR………………………………………………..7

1.2.3 Surveillance of AMR …………………………………………………………………………….8

1.2.4 Infection prevention and control………………………………………………………..10

1.2.5 Optimum use of antimicrobials ………………………………………………………….10

1.2.6 Research and innovation ……………………………………………………………………12

2. Country response ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 12

2.1 Developing the National Action Plan on AMR …………………………………………..12

2.2 Governance mechanisms…………………………………………………………………………..13

2.2.1 Multisectoral steering committee – AMR……………………………………………14

2.2.2 National technical working committee (NTWC) – AMR ………………………14

2.2.3 Technical working committees (TWCs)……………………………………………….15

3. National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance……………………………………………. 16

3.1 Goal ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….16

3.2 Objectives …………………………………………………………………………………………………16

3.3 Strategic priorities …………………………………………………………………………………….17

3.4 Strategic plan: interventions, activities, and key outputs ……………………………19

4. Institutional Arrangement ……………………………………………………………………………….. 55

5. Financial Resources …………………………………………………………………………………………. 55

6. Monitoring and Evaluation Plan ………………………………………………………………………. 55

7. Risks………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 58

8. Modification in annexure…………………………………………………………………………………. 58

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9. Right to explain……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 58

10. Automatically invalid……………………………………………………………………………………….. 58

11. References ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 59

Annex I: Governance committees and working group for AMR ………………………………. 64

Annex II: Prime Minister and sectoral ministers (Human, Animal, and Environment) 

messages on tackling Antimicrobial Resistance………………………………………………………. 72

Annex III : Costing of NAP AMR