Vitamins and their deficiencies detailed

Vitamins, Sources, Deficiency Diseases, Symptoms, and Signs

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Vitamins, Sources, Deficiency Diseases, Symptoms, and Signs
Vitamin	Sources	Deficiency Disease	Symptoms	Signs
Vitamin A	Liver, carrots, sweet potatoes, leafy greens	Night Blindness	Poor vision in dim light	Dry eyes, Bitot’s spots, keratomalacia
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)	Whole grains, pork, legumes, seeds	Beriberi	Fatigue, irritability, confusion	Muscle weakness, peripheral neuropathy, heart failure
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)	Dairy, eggs, lean meats, green vegetables	Ariboflavinosis	Sore throat, swollen tongue	Cracks in lips, angular cheilitis, glossitis
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)	Poultry, fish, whole grains, peanuts	Pellagra	Diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis	Scaly skin, inflamed mucous membranes
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)	Eggs, avocado, whole grains	Burning Feet Syndrome	Fatigue, depression	Numbness, burning sensation in feet
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)	Poultry, bananas, potatoes, fortified cereals	Neuropathy, Anemia	Depression, irritability, confusion	Seizures, cracks in the lips, swollen tongue
Vitamin B7 (Biotin)	Egg yolks, nuts, seeds, liver	Biotin Deficiency	Fatigue, thinning hair	Scaly rash, brittle nails
Vitamin B9 (Folate)	Leafy greens, legumes, fortified cereals	Megaloblastic Anemia	Fatigue, irritability	Pale skin, tongue swelling
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)	Meat, dairy, fortified cereals	Pernicious Anemia	Memory loss, fatigue	Pale skin, shortness of breath, neurological issues
Vitamin C	Citrus fruits, strawberries, bell peppers	Scurvy	Fatigue, depression	Swollen gums, bruising, poor wound healing
Vitamin D	Fatty fish, fortified dairy, sunlight	Rickets (Children), Osteomalacia (Adults)	Bone pain, muscle weakness	Bowed legs, skeletal deformities
Vitamin E	Nuts, seeds, spinach, sunflower oil	Neuromuscular Disorders	Weakness, coordination problems	Loss of reflexes, muscle deterioration
Vitamin K	Leafy greens, broccoli, Brussels sprouts	Bleeding Diathesis	Easy bruising, excessive bleeding	Prolonged clotting time

Sources and references:

Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health – Vitamins and their functions
National Institutes of Health (NIH) – Vitamin deficiency and symptoms
World Health Organization (WHO) – Micronutrient deficiencies

Questions:

The triad of glossitis, angular fissure, and corneal vascularization is due to deficiency of:

a. Riboflavin
b. Thiamine
c. Niacin
d. Pantothenic acid

Ans: (a) Riboflavin

Solution and facts about Vitamins:

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) deficiency causes:
- Cheilosis (inflammation of lips, scaling, and fissures at the corners of the mouth)
- Corneal vascularization
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) deficiency causes:
- Dry Beriberi – Wasting, polyneuritis, symmetrical muscle weakness
- Wet Beriberi – High-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy), edema
- Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome – Confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia (classic triad), confabulation, personality changes, memory loss (permanent)
Vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency causes:
- Glossitis
- Pellagra (3Ds) – Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid) deficiency causes:
- Dermatitis
- Enteritis
- Alopecia
- Adrenal insufficiency
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) deficiency causes:
- Convulsions
- Hyperirritability
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Sideroblastic anemia
Vitamin B7 (Biotin) deficiency causes:
- Dermatitis
- Alopecia
- Enteritis
Vitamin B9 (Folate) deficiency causes:
- Macrocytic megaloblastic anemia
- Glossitis
- No neurologic symptoms
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) deficiency causes:
- Macrocytic megaloblastic anemia
- Subacute combined degeneration