MCQs on Primary Health Care (PHC)

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Here’s a set of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on Primary Health Care (PHC), covering basic to advanced levels, along with an answer key at the end.

Basic Level

Primary Health Care (PHC) was first emphasized in which international declaration?
a) Alma-Ata Declaration (1978)
b) Ottawa Charter (1986)
c) Jakarta Declaration (1997)
d) Beijing Declaration (2008)
Which organization played a major role in promoting Primary Health Care?
a) UNESCO
b) WHO
c) FAO
d) IMF
The main aim of PHC is to:
a) Provide specialized hospital care
b) Focus only on child health
c) Make healthcare accessible, affordable, and equitable
d) Improve medical technology
The key principles of PHC include:
a) Equity, accessibility, intersectoral coordination, and community participation
b) Only hospital-based services
c) Focus on tertiary care
d) Limiting healthcare access to rural areas
Which of the following is NOT a component of PHC?
a) Health education
b) Curative hospital care only
c) Maternal and child health services
d) Immunization
Which level of healthcare is the first point of contact between individuals and the healthcare system?
a) Tertiary healthcare
b) Secondary healthcare
c) Primary healthcare
d) Emergency healthcare
What is the full form of PHC in healthcare?
a) Public Health Coordination
b) Primary Health Care
c) Preventive Health Care
d) People’s Health Commission
Which of the following is an example of a primary health care service?
a) Organ transplantation
b) Open-heart surgery
c) Immunization programs
d) Neurosurgery
What is the first contact point for people seeking healthcare in rural areas?
a) District Hospital
b) Community Health Center (CHC)
c) Primary Health Center (PHC)
d) Medical College
Which of the following is NOT a goal of Primary Health Care?
a) Providing universal health coverage
b) Improving hospital-based care only
c) Preventing diseases at the community level
d) Reducing health inequalities

Intermediate Level

How many essential elements of PHC were identified in the Alma-Ata Declaration?
a) 4
b) 6
c) 8
d) 10
Which of the following is an example of intersectoral coordination in PHC?
a) Collaboration between doctors and nurses only
b) Government working with multiple sectors (e.g., education, agriculture, sanitation)
c) Isolated health programs
d) Only private hospitals providing care
Which healthcare approach focuses on prevention, promotion, and community participation?
a) Primary Health Care
b) Tertiary Health Care
c) Private Healthcare System
d) Emergency Health Services
Which term describes health services that are available to all without financial hardship?
a) Universal Health Coverage (UHC)
b) Public-Private Partnership
c) Health Privatization
d) Insurance-Based Healthcare
Which is a key role of community health workers in PHC?
a) Perform complex surgeries
b) Conduct health education and outreach
c) Only dispense medications
d) Focus only on urban areas
In the PHC system, vaccines are provided under:
a) Emergency Medical Care
b) National Immunization Programs
c) Tertiary Care Hospitals
d) Private Hospitals only
What is the role of a Sub-Center (SC) in the PHC system?
a) Provides super-specialty care
b) Acts as a referral hospital
c) Provides preventive and basic curative care at the village level
d) Only deals with urban healthcare
Which of the following strategies aligns with PHC?
a) Building more private hospitals
b) Training community health workers
c) Reducing public health expenditure
d) Limiting healthcare access to urban populations
Which health workforce category is essential in delivering PHC at the community level?
a) Neurosurgeons
b) General practitioners and community health workers
c) Cardiologists
d) Radiologists
Which disease control program is commonly linked to PHC?
a) Cancer treatment program
b) Malaria control program
c) Organ transplant program
d) Cosmetic surgery program

Advanced Level

Which Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) is most closely related to PHC?
a) SDG 3 – Good Health and Well-being
b) SDG 8 – Economic Growth
c) SDG 10 – Reduced Inequalities
d) SDG 15 – Climate Action
What is the role of Health and Wellness Centers (HWCs) under PHC?
a) Replace primary health centers
b) Provide comprehensive healthcare services including non-communicable disease care
c) Focus only on child healthcare
d) Work exclusively in urban areas
Which financing model is most effective for PHC sustainability?
a) Out-of-pocket payments
b) Public funding and health insurance schemes
c) Private-only healthcare model
d) Loan-based healthcare systems
How does PHC contribute to Universal Health Coverage (UHC)?
a) By making healthcare services available and affordable for all
b) By focusing only on expensive treatments
c) By limiting care to hospital-based services
d) By ignoring preventive care
Which of the following is a major challenge in implementing PHC in low-income countries?
a) Lack of hospital beds
b) Shortage of trained health workers and funding
c) Over-reliance on technology
d) High demand for tertiary care services
Which principle of PHC ensures that all individuals have access to healthcare without discrimination?
a) Equity
b) Profit-driven care
c) Technological advancement
d) Individual responsibility
Which organization provides funding and technical support for PHC globally?
a) IMF
b) WHO
c) World Bank
d) WTO
Which PHC initiative aims to integrate mental health services into primary care?
a) Global Mental Health Action Plan
b) Polio Eradication Program
c) Maternal Health Program
d) Cancer Control Initiative
A major barrier to PHC implementation in rural areas is:
a) High levels of literacy
b) Poor infrastructure and lack of trained professionals
c) Overuse of hospitals
d) High demand for surgical procedures
Which of the following is NOT a recommended PHC strategy?
a) Strengthening community-based health services
b) Reducing funding for preventive care
c) Promoting universal immunization programs
d) Expanding maternal and child health services