Most Common Complication of High Myopia

Most Common Complication of High Myopia

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Myopia, or nearsightedness, and hyperopia, or farsightedness, are both common refractive eye conditions that blur vision. 

Complications of Myopia:

• Myopic crescents (on the temporal side)
• Posterior staphyloma
• Patchy choroidal atrophy within the posterior pole
• Vitreous syneresis
• Breaks in Bruch’s membrane with accompanying choroidal atrophy (lacquer
  cracks)
• Subretinal neovascular membrane with overlying retinal pigment epithelial
  hyperplasia (Foster-Fuchs spot)
• Retinal detachment

Key Concepts on vision:

• Physiological myopia is the
  most common eye disorder worldwide.
• In myopia, parallel rays of
  light focus
  in front of the retina.
• In hypermetropia, parallel
  rays of light focus
  behind the retina.
• A 1 mm change in axial
  length leads to a
  3D change in refraction.
  • Shortening causes
    hypermetropia
  • Lengthening causes
    myopia
• A 1 mm change in corneal
  curvature can lead to
  6D hypermetropia.
• At birth, the eye is normally hypermetropic.
• Optical treatment:
  • Myopia → Concave lens
  • Hypermetropia →
    Convex lens
• Presbyopia: Physiological
  insufficiency of accommodation due to loss of elasticity of the lens capsule
  (age-related).
• Astigmatism: Unequal
  refractive error in two eyes.
• Aniseikonia: Unequal
  image shape/size in the visual cortex.
• Aphakia: Absence of the
  crystalline lens.
  Treatment of choice →
  Posterior chamber IOL implantation.
• The most common eye disorder worldwide is physiological myopia, a refractive error.
• The most common cause of blindness worldwide: Cataract (more than refractive error and aphakia blindness).
• The most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide: Glaucoma.